Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents: Section A. Background, Structures, Synthesis, and Analysis Chapter 1. From Bifidus Factor to Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Historical Perspective on Complex Sugars in Milk Chapter 2. Structures, Classification, and Biosynthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Chapter 3. Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Other Mammals Chapter 4. Analytical Methods to Characterize Human Milk Oligosaccharides Section B. Potential Functions and Benefits Chapter 5. Oligosaccharide Metabolism in the Breastfed Infant Chapter 6. The Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Host–Microbial Interactions Chapter 7. Potential Public Health Impact of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Chapter 8. Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Modulators of Intestinal and Systemic Immunity Section C. Challenges and Opportunities Chapter 9. Making Human Milk Oligosaccharides Available for Research and Application – Approaches, Challenges, and Future Opportunities Section D. Background, Methods, Origin, and Interpretation Chapter 10. Isn’t Milk Sterile? A Historical Perspective on Microbes in Milk Chapter 11. From the Human Milk Microbiota to the Human Milk Metagenome: Evolution of Methods to Study Human Milk Microbial Communities Chapter 12. Maternal Factors Related to Variability in the Human Milk Microbiome Chapter 13. The Origin of Human Milk Bacteria Section E. Human Milk Microbes and Health Chapter 14. An Evolutionary, Biosocial Perspective on Variation in Human Milk Microbes and Oligosaccharides: An Example of Eco-Homeorhesis? Chapter 15. Infectious Mastitis During Lactation: A Mammary Dysbiosis Model Chapter 16. Probiotics During the Perinatal Period: Impact on the Health of Mothers and Infants Section F. Challenges and Opportunities Chapter 17. Human Milk Microbes – Summary and Research Gaps